What type of flexibility training combines stretching with contraction and relaxation?

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is a type of flexibility training that effectively combines stretching with contraction and relaxation. This method typically involves both the active and passive components of stretching. During PNF stretching, a muscle is first contracted isometrically, followed by a stretch of that same muscle, often assisted by a partner or a therapist. This process takes advantage of the body's neuromuscular response to enhance flexibility and range of motion.

The contraction is essential because it activates the muscle's proprioceptors, which can help the muscle to relax during the subsequent stretching phase. This technique can lead to greater improvements in flexibility than static or dynamic stretching alone, as it incorporates both strength and relaxation mechanisms in the training process.

While static stretching focuses solely on holding a position for a duration, dynamic stretching involves controlled movements to improve flexibility through motion. Ballistic stretching employs bouncing or jerking movements, which can increase the risk of injury and does not incorporate the same method of contraction and relaxation as PNF. Thus, PNF stands out for its unique approach that effectively enhances flexibility through this combination of actions.